Paratuberculosis caused byMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is a progressive, chronic and noncurable granulomatous enteritis. Paratuberculosis affects ruminants worldwide. The earliest reports on paratuberculosis in Iran date back to 1960’s when the disease was diagnosed in imported animals of the Abadan Oil Company’s farm. In the work presented here 13 field MAP isolates including 4 ovine and 3 caprine isolates from Isfahan, 6 bovine isolates from Zanjan and Alborz provinces plus 2 vaccinal strains of 316F and III & V were subjected to PCR-IS900, PCR-F57 for identification and also PCR-Collins for typing. In consequence, while an identical PCR protocol was successfully developed to simultaneously perform all the three experiments, the 15 tested bacteria were all shown to be MAP Type II (cattle type). In epidemiological sense, when the size of national goat, sheep and cattle herds of Iran is taken into account, circulation of MAP Type II is intriguing.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

A High-gain, fully balanced preamplifier is presented. The proposed structure advantages flipped voltage follower scheme to achieve a compact current conveyor with very low input impedance. The presented current conveyor then is used as a core element to realize a high-gain, gm-enhanced trans-conductance amplifier. The presented amplifier is suitable for application as a preamplifier. The high gain of amplifier makes it very suitable to be configured in a feedback form to deliver a high-precision predefined or programmable amplification gain. The proposed structure draws a very low power of 150nW from a 0.6V supply voltage. The Spectre Post-layout simulations with TSMC 180nm CMOS technology have been performed. The proposed amplifier exhibits an open-loop DC gain of 141.5dB and 3-dB frequency bandwidth of 2.4kHz at 60dB closed-loop configuration. The load capacitance is set to be 5pF. The proposed structure also delivers high CMRR and PSRR values of 148.3dB and 153.7dB, respectively.

Background and Aim: Salivary gland tumors classification continuously undergoes alternations, especially in the recent years. This study used immunohistochemical markers for distinguishing between polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and adenocarcinoma carcinoma (AdCC) which have several overlapping histological and clinical features.Materials & Methods: Ten AdCC and eight PLGA with five normal minor salivary glands were selected after review by two oral pathologists.  LSAB method was used for seven markers: carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, muscle specific actin, vimentin, S100, P53 and Ki-67. Finally, the data were analyzed by Mann-Whiteny test.Results: Analysis of data showed a high expression of CEA, EMA and Ki-67 in AdCC compared to PLGA. Although, CEA (P Less than 0.001) expression was limited to luminal cells .In contrast, MSA (P=0.034) expression in nonluminal cells, and Ki-67 (P Less than0.001) occurred in both luminal and nonluminal cells. Also there was highly expression of vimentin and S-100 in PLGA with no significancy for EMA and Tp53. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that ICH can be a helpful tool. The immunostaining of AdCC and PLGA with CEA, Vimentin and Ki-67 were of greater significant, S100 and MSA were less significant and the others (EMA and P53) could not offer an adjunctive aid in differential diagnosis between the two tumors. 

Background and Aims: Lasers with different characteristics have been used to stimulate orthodontic tooth movement. Considering the contradictory findings in this regard, this study was designed to assess the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 12 patients (4 boys and 8 girls; average age: 16.9±3.4) with extracted upper first premolars and required canine retraction into extraction site were included. While in both sides canines were retracted by NiTi coil spring, one side was exposed to GaAlAs laser (890 nm). LLLT was done (on the buccal and palatal mucosa by slow movement of probe) at the beginning of the first month. Impression and cast fabrication performed at the beginning of retraction, one and two months later. The amount of retraction on the cast was measured with the aid of a reference plaque fabricated on the rogae using a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using paired sample T-test and one-sample Kolmogorov-Simirnov test.Results: There was no significant difference in the amounts of canine movement between laser exposed and control sides (P>0.05).Conclusion: The energy dose of laser used in this study (72 J per each tooth) was not appropriate for increasing dental movement.

Background: Considering the importance of removal of these solutes in chronic renal failure patients, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of increasing ultrafiltration on clearance of middle molecules in low-flux hemodialysis in Kashan, 2005.Materials and Methods: Twenty one hemodialysis patients, 11 women and 10 men, were enrolled to this clinical before-after study. At the first stage the patients were dialyzed with ultrafiltration equal to their dry body weight. At the second stage two liters was added to the ultrafiltration and clearance of each solute was calculated in both stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and square T test.Results: There was a significant difference in clearance of b2-microglobulin and vitamin B12 in second stage in comparison with the first one (p<0.03, p<0.001), respectively. While there was no difference in clearance of small molecules P, BUN, and Cr. (p=0.97, r=0.24, p=0.36). In first hemodialysis KT/V was 1.12 and in the second 1.22. Conclusion: It was shown that in low-flux hemodialysis the increase in ultrafiltration results in increased clearance of middle molecules. Ultrfiltration increase also improves the adequacy of hemodialysis but it doesn't affect removal of small molecule.

Introduction: Tyrosinemia is a congenital metabolic disease in which the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine is reduced and its amount is increased in the body. Tyrosine metabolites can involve specific organs that according to the clinical manifestations there are three types of this disease. Case: This article reports type 1 tyrosinemia in a 2-year-old child who complained of urinary problem and restlessness. Despite the absence of pathological findings in fetal ultrasound screening, imaging findings indicate involvement of both kidneys. Conclusions: It is a rare, inherited and metabolic disease that despite the challenges of diagnosis has simple cure.